ABSTRACT
Objective To study the audiology characteristics of infants with human cytomegalovirus (HMCV) pneumonia.Methods Auditory brainstem response (ABR) and acoustic impedance test were carried on the following three groups respectively.The CMV(+) group had 115 infants who have been diagnosed with CMV pneumonia.CMV(-) group had 115 infants with pneumonia but did not have CMV infection.The control Group had 115 healthy children during the same period.A comprehensive evaluation of audiological characteristics and follow-up of hearing changes were studied.Results ①The CMV(+) group had 50 ears (21.74％),the CMV(-) group had 34 ears (14.78％),and the healthy group had 17 ears 7.39％ in ABR V wave threshold over 30 dB nHL.②The CMV(+) group had the highest rate of sens0rineural hearing loss(SNHL) compared with the CMV(-) and health control groups.③The percentages of the abnormal conductive hearing loss(CHL) in the CMV(+) group and CMV(-) group were higher than the health control group while there was no obvious difference between the CMV(+) and the CMV(-) groups.④During a 3-year follow-up,3 infants in the CMV(+)group who suffered SHL recovered while all the infants suffered CHL recovered in hearing.Conclusion Infants with CMV pneumonia have a higher rate of SHL,and pneumonia is likely to cause dysfunction of the middle ear,which might lead to CHL.We need to test infants with CMV pneumonia through thorough clinical audiology examinations and a long-term follow-up.
ABSTRACT
The pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is mainly chronicity of hepatitis B virus infection caused by specific immune impairment. Modern studies have shown that activated specific inflammatory cells and the cytokines released by these cells such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) play important roles in virus clearance and improvement of autoimmune function. With the constant development of traditional Chinese medicine, it has a widespread effect on the immune regulation system (especially IFN-γ and IL-4). This article reviews the research advances in immunologic mechanism if CHB in Chinese and Western medicine in recent years and provides new ideas and measures for traditional Chinese medicine to break the immune tolerance of CHB in terms of immune regulation.